Know about LINUX!!
In this article we are going to talk
about a free version of operating system this is “LINUX ” Operating System.
Now, let’s began with its definition:-
What is LINUX Operating System:-
The Linux
operating system is one of the most popular versions of the UNIX operating
system, designed to provide free or low cost operating systems for personal
computer users. It is reputed as a fast performer and a very efficient system.
This is a remarkable full operating system, which includes a GUI (Graphical
User Interface), TCP / IP, Emacs Editor, can X Window System etc.
History:-
History of Linux starts in 1991, with the introduction of a private project by Finnish student Linus
Torvalds, for creating a new free operating system kernel. Since then, the
LINUX kernel results in the constant growth throughout the history.
Architecture of the LINUX System:-
The primary architecture of the LINUX
Operating System has the following components:-
Ø
The Kernel
Ø
The Hardware layer
Ø
The System library
Ø
The Shell
Ø
The System utility
v The Kernel:-
Kernel is the main
part of the operating system, which is responsible for all important activities
of the LINUX Operating System. There are different modules in this operating
system and interact directly with the built-in hardware. Kernel provides the
necessary intangibility to hide applications details of the system. There are
different types of kernels, these are as follows:
·
Monolithic Kernel.
·
Micro Kernel.
·
Exo Kernel.
·
Hybrid Kernel.
v The Hardware level:-
The hardware layer
of the Linux operating system includes outer devices such as RAM, HDD, CPU.
v The System library:-
System libraries
are special tasks used to implement the operating system's functionality and do
not require code access rights for kernel modules.
v The Shell:-
There is an interface between the shell
user and the kernel, and it provides kernel services. An interface for the
kernel, hide the complexity of the kernel's tasks from users. It takes the command from the user and
executes the functions of the kernel. Shell is present in a variety of
operating systems, which are classified into two types: Command Line Shell and
Graphical Shell.
Command line shell
provides command line interface, whereas graphical line shells provide
graphical user interfaces. Although both shells operate, the Graphical User Interface
performs slower than the Command Line Interface shell. There are four types of
shells, these are:-
·
Korn shell.
·
Bourne shell.
·
C shell.
·
POSIX shell.
v The System utility:-
System utility
programs are responsible for doing personal, and special-level tasks.
Important and
Basic features:-
The basics
features of the LINUX Operating System includes:-
Ø
Portable: The Linux
operating system can also work on different types of hardware. The LINUX kernel
also supports the installation of different type of hardware platform as well.
Ø
Multiprogramming:
The Linux
operating system is a multiprogramming system, which means that many
applications can run at the same time.
Ø
Multipurpose: The Linux operating system is a
multipurpose system, which means that multiple users can access system
resources such as RAM, storage, or application programs at the same time.
Ø
Open
Source: The source code
of the Linux operating system is freely available and, in order to increase the
efficiency of the Linux operating system, many teams work in collaboration.
Ø
Hierarchical
File System: The
Linux operating system provides a standard file structure in which system files
or user files are arranged.
Ø
Shell: The Linux operating system provides a
special interpreter program, which can be used to execute OS commands. It can be
used for many operations such as Call Application Program, etc.
Ø
Security: The Linux operating system provides
user protection system using authentication features such as encryption of data
protection or password.
User Mode versus Kernel Mode:-
Kernel component
code executes in a special advantage mode called kernel mode, providing full access
to all the resources of your computer system. This code signifies a single
process, executes in single address space and does not require any reference
switch and hence it is very efficient and fast. The kernel runs every process
and provides system services for processes, provides secure access to the
hardware for processes.
User program is a
support code which do not require to run in kernel mode in the system library.
User programs and other system programs work in User Mode that have no access
to system hardware and kernel code. User programs use system libraries to
access kernel functions to achieve low-level tasks of system systems.
Conclusion:-
In present generation
LINUX comes under a multi billion dollar industry. The LINUX OS is used by
thousands of industries and government around the world because of its lower
licensing fee and time and money. Linux is used in many electronic devices,
which are available to consumers worldwide. Some popular Linux-based electronic
devices include:
o HP Mini 1000.
o Lenovo IdeaPad S9.
o Motorola MotoRokr EM35 Phone.
o One Laptop Per Child XO2.
o Sony Bravia Television.
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